2.2.4 交互式环境的启动文件 The Interactive Startup File

When you use Python interactively, it is frequently handy to have some standard commands executed every time the interpreter is started. You can do this by setting an environment variable named PYTHONSTARTUP to the name of a file containing your start-up commands. This is similar to the .profile feature of the Unix shells.

使用 Python 解释器的时候，我们可能需要在每次解释器启动时执行一些命令。你可以在一个文件中包含你想要执行的命令，设定一个名为 PYTHONSTARTUP 的环境变量来指定这个文件。这类似于 Unix shell的 .profile 文件。

This file is only read in interactive sessions, not when Python reads commands from a script, and not when /dev/tty is given as the explicit source of commands (which otherwise behaves like an interactive session). It is executed in the same namespace where interactive commands are executed, so that objects that it defines or imports can be used without qualification in the interactive session. You can also change the prompts sys.ps1 and sys.ps2 in this file.

这个文件在交互会话期是只读的，当 Python 从脚本中解读文件或以终端 /dev/tty 做为外部命令源时则不会如此（尽管它们的行为很像是处在交互会话期。）它与解释器执行的命令处在同一个命名空间，所以由它定义或引用的一切可以在解释器中不受限制的使用。你也可以在这个文件中改变 sys.ps1 和 sys.ps2 指令。

If you want to read an additional start-up file from the current directory, you can program this in the global start-up file using code like "if os.path.isfile('.pythonrc.py'): execfile('.pythonrc.py')". If you want to use the startup file in a script, you must do this explicitly in the script:

如果你想要在当前目录中执行附加的启动文件，你可以在全局启动文件中加入类似以下的代码： "if os.path.isfile('.pythonrc.py'): execfile('.pythonrc.py')"。如果你想要在某个脚本中使用启动文件，必须要在脚本中写入这样的语句：

import os
filename = os.environ.get('PYTHONSTARTUP')
if filename and os.path.isfile(filename):
    execfile(filename)