9.5 继承 Inheritance

Of course, a language feature would not be worthy of the name ``class'' without supporting inheritance. The syntax for a derived class definition looks as follows:

当然，如果一种语言不支持继承就，“类”就没有什么意义。派生类的定义如下所示：

class DerivedClassName(BaseClassName):
    <statement-1>
    .
    .
    .
    <statement-N>

The name BaseClassName must be defined in a scope containing the derived class definition. Instead of a base class name, an expression is also allowed. This is useful when the base class is defined in another module,

命名 BaseClassName （示例中的基类名）必须与派生类定义在一个作用域内。除了类，还可以用表达式，基类定义在另一个模块中时这一点非常有用：

class DerivedClassName(modname.BaseClassName):

Execution of a derived class definition proceeds the same as for a base class. When the class object is constructed, the base class is remembered. This is used for resolving attribute references: if a requested attribute is not found in the class, it is searched in the base class. This rule is applied recursively if the base class itself is derived from some other class.

派生类定义的执行过程和基类是一样的。构造派生类对象时，就记住了基类。这在解析属性引用的时候尤其有用：如果在类中找不到请求调用的属性，就搜索基类。如果基类是由别的类派生而来，这个规则会递归的应用上去。

There's nothing special about instantiation of derived classes: DerivedClassName() creates a new instance of the class. Method references are resolved as follows: the corresponding class attribute is searched, descending down the chain of base classes if necessary, and the method reference is valid if this yields a function object.

派生类的实例化没有什么特殊之处：DerivedClassName() （示列中的派生类）创建一个新的类实例。方法引用按如下规则解析：搜索对应的类属性，必要时沿基类链逐级搜索，如果找到了函数对象这个方法引用就是合法的。

Derived classes may override methods of their base classes. Because methods have no special privileges when calling other methods of the same object, a method of a base class that calls another method defined in the same base class, may in fact end up calling a method of a derived class that overrides it. (For C++ programmers: all methods in Python are effectively virtual.)

派生类可能会覆盖其基类的方法。因为方法调用同一个对象中的其它方法时没有特权，基类的方法调用同一个基类的方法时，可能实际上最终调用了派生类中的覆盖方法。（对于 C++ 程序员来说，Python中的所有方法本质上都是虚方法。）

An overriding method in a derived class may in fact want to extend rather than simply replace the base class method of the same name. There is a simple way to call the base class method directly: just call "BaseClassName.methodname(self, arguments)". This is occasionally useful to clients as well. (Note that this only works if the base class is defined or imported directly in the global scope.)

派生类中的覆盖方法可能是想要扩充而不是简单的替代基类中的重名方法。有一个简单的方法可以直接调用基类方法，只要调用："BaseClassName.methodname(self, arguments)"。有时这对于客户也很有用。（要注意的中只有基类在同一全局作用域定义或导入时才能这样用。）